1. Each of these muscles has a name; for example, again, the biceps brachii and now the triceps brachii, responsible for both forearm flexion and forearm extension, respectively. This article will discuss the anatomy of the serratus anterior muscle. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. It allows for powerful elbow extension (such as doing a pushup). This can present as pain, weakness and loss of shoulder movement between 60 and 120 degrees of abduction. It also causes contributes to flexion of the proximal IP, MP, and wrist joints, although these are its secondary function. From the sides and the back of the neck, the splenius capitis inserts onto the head region, and the splenius cervicis extends onto the cervical region. The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. The segmental muscles include the interspinales and intertransversarii. Most common manifestations are pain, swelling, and deformity at the joint. Rhomboid minor muscle:This is a smaller muscle with the same shape as the rhomboid major and lies above it. This is a fracture of the distal third of the radial shaft with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. The major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head is the sternocleidomastoid. Print Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions Worksheet 1. Some People Bang Like Monkeys. Depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed; elevates hyoid when mandible is fixed; Posterior belly; facial nerve Anterior belly mylohyoid nerve, Elevates and retracts hyoid; elongates floor of mouth, Elevates floor of mouth in initial stage of swallowing, Depresses mandible when hyoid; elevates and protracts hyoid when mandible is fixed, Depresses hyoid after it has been elevated, Depresses the hyoid during swallowing and speaking, Depresses hyoid; Elevates larynx when hyoid is fixed, Depresses larynx after it has been elevated in swallowing and vocalization, Temporal bone (mastoid process); occipital bone, Unilaterally tilts head up and to the opposite side; Bilaterally draws head forward and down, Occiput between the superior and inferior nuchal line, Extends and rotates the head to the opposite side, Posterior rami of middle cervical and thoracic nerves, Unilaterally and ipsilaterally flexes and rotates the head; Bilaterally extends head, Posterior margin of mastoid process and temporal bone, Extends and hyperextends head; flexes and rotates the head ipsilaterally, Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic nerves (C6 to T4), Rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head forward, Individually: rotates head to opposite side; bilaterally: flexion, Individually: laterally flexes and rotates head to same side; bilaterally: extension, Transverse and articular processes of cervical and thoracic vertebra, Rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head backward, Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebra. Extensor indicis proprius muscle:This muscle arises from the posterior distal 3rd of the ulna and interosseous membrane and inserts onto the middle and distal phalanx of the index finger. At the end of this video, you will be able to: 20 chapters | Due to these attachments, the triceps is stretched during forearm flexing. The stylohyoid muscle moves the hyoid bone posteriorly, elevating the larynx, and the mylohyoid muscle lifts it and helps press the tongue to the top of the mouth. These are innervated by the ulnar nerve. Read more. Action: Actions Alone(unilateral), lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together (bilateral), depression of thoracic rib cage, any of the three pairs of muscles on each side of the neck that are involved in moving the neck, and in breathing There are numerous muscles in this compartment as well. Opponens pollicis acts to oppose the thumb with the other digits (rotation of the thumb to pulp of the other fingers and not just flex across the palm). Interossei:These are grouped into four dorsal and threepalmar interossei and are part of the midpalmar group. Lumbricals:These are worm like muscles that originate from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus. The muscle is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch. 0% 0:00.0 The shoulder moves at the glenohumeral joint. Resulting in the inability to straighten the digit. The clavicular head enables the muscle to act as a flexor (decrease angle between joints) of arm at the shoulder and the sternocostal head enables the muscle to act as an extensor (increase angle between joints). The muscles of facial expression originate from the surface of the skull or the fascia (connective tissue) of the face. EKG Rhythms | ECG Heart Rhythms Explained - Comprehensive NCLEX Review, Simple Anatomy Quiz Most Nurses Get WRONG! Skeletal Muscles (Comments, Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve) by melissa1780d, Mar. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Join the nursing revolution. The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek. The erector spinae comprises the iliocostalis (laterally placed) group, the longissimus (intermediately placed) group, and the spinalis (medially placed) group. However, it prevents the humeral head from slipping downwards. Oftentimes, synergist muscles are needed to get a particular action started. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. As the muscles contract, they exert force on the bones, which help to support and move our body along with its appendages. 'Rule of 3s' and 'Busy BeesCollaBorate well'. It also acts as an extensor of the wrist and radial deviator. The scalene muscles include the anterior scalene muscle (anterior to the middle scalene), the middle scalene muscle (the longest, intermediate between the anterior and posterior scalenes), and the posterior scalene muscle (the smallest, posterior to the middle scalene). Finally, a reliable source (and good looking too!). This muscle also modulates the movement of the deltoid like the other rotator cuff muscles. Let's take a look at forearm flexion and identify the roles of the different muscles involved. See our full, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), IV Drug Use Complications & Dangers: (Endocarditis, Infection, Infectious Diseases). See at a glance which muscle is innervated by which nerve. Mnemonic for Pectoral Muscles Origin Insertion Function Mnemonics for Facial Muscleshttps://youtu.be/ulMHYpvoRbsMnemonics for Tongue Muscle. The triceps brachii becomes the agonist - while the biceps brachii is the antagonist - when we extend our forearm. All interossei are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, which enters the palm through Guyons canal, a tunnel formed by the pisiform and hook of hamate. #shorts #anatomy. origin: along spinus process of vertebrae and occipital bone The sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles. It's important to note that the antagonist contraction is minor in comparison to the agonist contraction, and therefore it doesn't prevent the action of the agonist. Flexor pollicis longus muscle:This muscle is found superficially within the deep layer. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. It inserts onto the radial aspect of the 1st metacarpal. It arises from the spinous processes of the T7-L5 (L = Lumbar) vertebrae, costals 8-12, inferior angle of the scapula, and iliac crest. Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially, and laterally rotates arm. It consists mainly of type 1 muscle fibers and hence provides sustained elbow extension. You ride Longer on a Superhighway. The lateral head arises from the posterior surface of the humerus, above the radial groove of the humerus. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle:This muscle arises from the lateral epicondyle and runs distally to insert onto the dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metacarpal and ulnar shaft. The first describes action in terms of the bone to which the muscle is attached or the appendage that is moved. These muscles are located inside the eye socket and cannot be seen on any part of the visible eyeball (Figure 11.4.3 and Table 11.3). We will use examples to describe how the origin and insertion affect the action of a skeletal muscle. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle | Action, Origin, Insertion & Location, How to Perform a Visual Assessment in Massage Therapy. 977 Cards -. Facial muscles are different in that they create facial movements and expressions by pulling on the skinno bone movements are involved. Those in the same compartment will have the same action. This is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with associated dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint. This mnemonic recalls the four intrinsic muscles of the hand innervated by the median nerve, whereas all the other intrinsic muscles are ulnar nerve: F: flexor pollicis brevis. When a movement is repeated over time, the brain creates a long-term muscle memory for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed with little to no conscious . Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System, Chapter 12. The erector spinae has three subgroups. The problem? Agonists and antagonists are always functional opposites. origin: in strips on the lateral and anterior surface of ribs Conventionally, a muscle origin describes the attachment of a muscle on the more stable bone. The spinalis group includes the spinalis capitis, the spinalis cervicis, and the spinalis thoracis. Posterior dislocation can occur in epileptics or electric shocks. Tongue muscles can be extrinsic or intrinsic. Reading time: 3 minutes. Extensor digiti minimi muscle:This muscle arises from the anterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It is caused by damage to the extensor tendon complex as it inserts onto the distal phalanx of any of the digits. The nerve supply arises from the suprascapular nerve (upper and lower), which arises from the unification of the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 and C6(C = cervical). The action, or particular movement of a muscle, can be described relative to the joint or the body part moved. Like the trapezius, this muscle can be divided into three sets of fibers: anterior, lateral, and posterior. The tendon of the muscle passes in its own tunnel to enter the palm and it inserts onto the base of the 1st distal phalanx. The muscle causes flexion of the wrist and ulnar deviation when its acts with extensor carpi ulnaris. The muscle is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch. Our muscle anatomy charts make it easier by listing them clearly and concisely. The splenius group includes the splenius capitis and the splenius cervicis. It is innervated by the radial nerve. The flexor digiti minimi brevis originates from the hamate boneand inserts onto the ulnar aspect of the base of the 5th proximal phalanx. The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle and consists of mainly type 2b fibers. Serratus anterior muscle:This muscle is so named due to its anterior digitations that have a serrated or finger-like appearance. I highly recommend you use this site! Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. The acronym for the rotator cuff is S.I.T.S. succeed. Get your muscle charts below. Reviewer: insertion: ribs, A big sheet Biceps brachii muscle:This superficial muscle forms the bulk of the anterior compartment of the arm. 1 / 24. It acts to support the extensor digitorum muscle in extending the index finger and wrist. Last reviewed: July 22, 2022 In this anatomy muscle song, you can learn rhymes and mnemonics to help you remember the muscle name, location, and one of its functions/actions. Copyright It functions as a stabilizer of the scapula, acts as a protractor when reaching forward or pushing, and aids in rotation of scapula. Pectoralis major muscle :This is a superficial, large, fan shaped muscle that makes up the bulk of the pectoral (chest) region. Simplify your retention of the thenar muscles by learning the following mnemonic! Remaining 0 Correct 0 Wrong 0 Press play! A rule of thumb is that any muscle tendon that crosses a joint will act on that joint. The geniohyoid depresses the mandible in addition to raising and pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. By looking at all of the upper limbs components separately we can appreciate and compartmentalize the information, then later view the upper limb as a whole and understand how all of its parts work in unison. Muscle contraction results in different types of movement. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. The tendon is kept close to the bones by a series of flexor tendon sheaths, which lubricate the tendon and prevent bowstringing (excessive loss of proximal pulley). You can feel the temporalis move by putting your fingers to your temple as you chew. It is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch. Inferior dislocations are the least common and make the upper limb appears as if you are holding your upper limb upwards. Hip Muscles | Anatomy, Support & Movement, Pectoralis Major Action, Function, Insertion & Origin, Erector Spinae Action, Origin & Insertion | Iliocostalis, Longissimus & Spinalis, Teres Major Muscle Action, Origin & Insertion | Teres Major Location, Multifidus Muscle | Origin, Insertion & Action, Pectoralis Minor | Origin, Action & Insertion, Establishing Boundaries in Massage Therapy, Deltoid Muscle Action, Origin & Insertion | Deltoid Muscle Function. Therefore, when they contract, the origin pulls the insertion and connected bone closer . The movement of the eyeball is under the control of the extra ocular (extrinsic) eye muscles, which originate from the bones of the orbitand insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye. It causes flexion of the interphalangeal joint (IP joint) of the thumb, as well as flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint (MP joint). SITS; TISS; Mnemonic. The damaged nerve causes a weakened serratus anterior, leading to the scapula not being pulled down and in during circumduction. Insertion: greater trochanter on the back of the femur The muscle has dual innervation. To easily remember the three origins of the deltoid, use the mnemonic provided below. Rhomboid major muscle:This is a ribbon like rhomboid shaped muscle that arises from the spinous processes of the T2-T5 (T = thoracic) vertebraeand inserts onto the medial border of the scapula. Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: Axial muscles of the head neck and back The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. It most commonly dislocates anteriorly (95%), and can damage the axillary nerve. It arises from the anterior surface of the radius and adjacent interosseous membrane. You walk Shorter to a street Corner. In summary, skeletal muscles are attached to bones on each end by tendons. Term. For . Franchesca Druggan BA, MSc It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve. The distal phalanx therefore lies in permanent flexion, and has the appearance of a mallet. The abductor pollicis brevis acts to abduct the thumb and is also innervated by the median nerve. The muscles of the anterior neck facilitate swallowing and speech, stabilize the hyoid bone and position the larynx. The blood supply to the bone runs distal to proximal, as the nutrient branch of the radial artery enters at the distal pole, and runs proximally. John has taught college science courses face-to-face and online since 1994 and has a doctorate in physiology. It pronates the radius and is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. Flex and extend the muscle and feel its movements at the origin, midpoint, and insertion. 190 lessons It has three heads: long, lateral, and medial. An agonist, or as I said before, a prime mover, is the muscle that is primarily responsible for the movement described: forearm flexion. The clavicular head arises from the medial two thirds of the inferior surface of the clavicle. Explain the difference between axial and appendicular muscles. Important in the stabilization of the vertebral column is the segmental muscle group, which includes the interspinales and intertransversarii muscles. Here I discuss an alternative way to learn muscles and their origin(s), insertion(s), and action(s).Key Takeaways. The suprahyoid muscles raise the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth, and the larynx during deglutition. The masseter muscle is the prime movermuscle for chewing because it elevates the mandible (lower jaw) to close the mouth, and it is assisted by the temporalis muscle, which retracts the mandible. It is a powerful superficial muscle of the shoulder. It arises from the trapezium and transverse carpal ligament. This system reflects the bones of the skeleton system, which are also arranged in this manner. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. It is best studied broken down into its components: regions, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Take a look at the following two mnemonics! Muscles of the Upper Limb Pectoralis minor ORIGIN: anterior surface of ribs 3 - 5 ACTION INSERTION: coracoid process (scapula) Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle INNERVATION: pectoral nerves: protracts / depresses scapula (Anterior view) Serratus anterior ORIGIN: ribs 1 - 8 INSERTION: ACTION medial border of scapula stabilizes / depresses During that particular movement, individual muscles will play different roles depending on their origin and insertion. The omohyoid muscle, which has superior and inferior bellies, depresses the hyoid bone in conjunction with the sternohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles. Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone. Muscles of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Motion & Support, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Skeletal Muscle Organization: Connective Tissue and Layers, Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions, Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Support & Movement, Axial Muscles: Trunk Muscles Anatomy & Support, Shoulder Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement, Forearm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement, Thigh Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement, The Central Nervous System in the Human Body, The Human Cardiovascular System - Blood & Heart, The Human Cardiovascular System - Vessels & Circulation, Prentice Hall Biology: Online Textbook Help, High School Physics: Homeschool Curriculum, Physical Science for Teachers: Professional Development, Gerontology for Teachers: Professional Development, Nutritional Science for Teachers: Professional Development, Intro to Physics for Teachers: Professional Development, Biology for Teachers: Professional Development, Pathophysiology for Teachers: Professional Development, Aldosterone: Definition, Function & Effects. Extensor digitorum muscle:This muscle lies in the extensor compartment and arises from the lateral epicondyle. One common style of the Monteggia fracture is in children where the radial head is dislocated through a forceful pulling on the arm. Action: Adducts thigh, Origin: iliac crest, anterior iliac surface Insertion: iliotibial band of fasciae latae Action: Flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh, Origin: Outer iliac blade, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial band of fasciae latae Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh, braces knee, Origin: Outer iliac blade Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh, Origin: Pubis, ischium Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle of distal femur Action: Adducts, flexes, extends and laterally rotates thigh, Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia Action: Flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg, Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, margin of acetabulum Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Flexes thigh, extends leg, Origin: Greater trochanter of femur, linea aspera of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: Linea aspera, medial side Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: Proximal, anterior femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: (long head) Ischial tuberosity, (short head) linea aspera It acts as a lateral rotator and a weak adductor of the shoulder. Its innervation is from the upper suprascapular nerve. Last reviewed: November 03, 2021 It inserts onto the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. It inserts into the 5th proximal phalanx (pinky finger). When they contract bilaterally, the head flexes or extends. The brevis muscle arises from the lateral epicondyle and inserts onto the dorsal base of the 3rd metacarpal. Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD It also flexes the MP and wrist joints, although these are its secondary functions. The iliocostalis group includes the iliocostalis cervicis, associated with the cervical region; the iliocostalis thoracis, associated with the thoracic region; and the iliocostalis lumborum, associated with the lumbar region. Muscle Name or Group Origin Insertion Action. Do you struggle with straight memorization? Although the tongue is obviously important for tasting food, it is also necessary for mastication, deglutition (swallowing), and speech (Figure 11.4.5 and Figure 11.4.6). It lays directly superficial to the flexor digitorum superficialis. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation whether youre a doctor, physiotherapist or yoga teacher, knowing the functions of a given muscle is very important. Molly Smith DipCNM, mBANT The scaphoid bone forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox and articulates with the radius at the wrist. They both arise from the medial epicondyle, with the radialis inserting onto the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and the ulnaris into the pisiform, hook of hamate and base of the 5th metacarpal. It is the primary lateral rotator of the shoulder, it also modulates deltoid movement. 31 Decks -. The muscle arises from costals (ribs) 1 - 8, sometimes terminating origins at costal 9. Muscle Origin, Insertion, and Action - 1 by AshPopRox 4,509 plays 11 questions ~30 sec English 11p More 6 too few (you: not rated) Tries Unlimited [?] A: abductor pollicis brevis. The action makes sense when you consider the muscle's points of attachment. Pectoralis minor muscle:This muscle lies deep to the pectoralis major and arises from 3rd-5th costals sternal ends and its associated fascia (connective tissue surrounding a muscle group). When the whole muscle acts as a unit it acts as a medial rotator and adductor the arm at the shoulder. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, Supinator, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor indicis proprius, Extensor digiti minimi, Brachioradialis, Thenar eminence, Hypothenar eminence, Interossei, Lumbricals, Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula, Intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus (arm), Lateral border of the scapula (middle part), Greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet), Lateral rotation of the arm, stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet), Greater tubercle of the humerus (superior facet), Assistance in arm abduction,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Medial rotation of the arm,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Transverse process of the atlas and axis, posterior tubercles C3 and C4, Posterior surface of the medial scapular border (from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula), Anterior rami of the nerves C3 and C4, dorsal scapular nerve (branch of the C5), Superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula, Spinal accessory nerve; C3 and C4 spinal nerves, Elevation, depression, and retraction of the scapula, Medial half of the clavicle (clavicular head); anterior surface of the sternum, 1st to 6th costal cartilages, aponeurosis of, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and the fascia overlying the intercostal spaces, Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, Protraction of the scapula, pulls the coracoid process anteriorly and inferiorly, accessory muscle in respiratory, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula, Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint, Spinous processes of T7-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, X-XII ribs, Distal half of the anterior side of the humerus and intermuscular septa, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, supinator of the forearm, accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, Anterior surface of the ulna (distal quarter), Anterior surface of the radius (distal quarter), Forearm pronationand binding of the radius and ulna, Anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane, Proximal parts of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane, Bases of the phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part), bases of the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Ulnar nerve (medial part), anterior interosseous nerve (lateral part), Flexion of the distal phalanges at the interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part) and of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna (humero-ulnar head) and superior half of anterior border (ulnar head), Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits, Flexion of middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the middle four digits, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head), coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head), Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the ulna, supinator fossa, radial collateral and anular ligaments, Surface of the proximal third of the radial shaft, Posterior surfaces of the middle and distal phalanges (2nd-5th), Posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the radial nerve), Extension of the index, middle, ring and little fingers, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, posterior border of the ulna, Medial side of the base of the metacarpal V, Posterior side of the distal third of the ulnar shaft; interosseous membrane, Proximal two-thirds of the supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus, Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius, Forearm flexion, especially during mid-pronation, Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium and scaphoid bones, Thumb flexion, abduction, and medial rotation resulting in a combined movement called opposition, Abduction of the 5th digit and flexion assistance of the proximal phalanx, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Sides of two adjacent metacarpals (dorsal interossei) and palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals (palmar interossei), Bases of the proximal phalanges via the extensor expansions of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei) and 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), Abduction of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei), adduction of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), assisting the lumbricals in extension, Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, Lateral expansions of the 2nd to 5th digits, Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd to 4th digits.
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